Flag Museum: Sources

1. References

Databases

• Bennett, J. S., Mutch, E., Tollefson, A., Chalstrey, E., Benam, M., Cioni, E., Reddish, J., Zsambok, J., Levine, J., Cook, C. J., Francois, P., Hoyer, D., & Turchin, P. (2025). Cliopatria – A geospatial database of world-wide political entities from 3400BCE to 2024CE. Scientific Data, 12, 247. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04516-9 [CC BY 4.0]
• Bolt, J., & van Zanden, J. L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023 [Data set]. Groningen Growth and Development Centre. University of Groningen. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12618 [CC BY 4.0]
• Central Intelligence Agency (2021). The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json
• Correlates of War Project (2024). National Material Capabilities (v7.0) (Version 7.0) [Data set]. Correlates of War Project. https://correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/national-material-capabilities/
• Daudin, G., Charles, L., Gervais, P., Girard, P., & Plique, G. (2022). TOFLIT18 dataset (Transformation of the French Economy through the Lens of International Trade, 1716-1821) [Data set]. Zenodo / Sciences Po médialab. Sciences Po. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6573396 [ODbL 1.0]
• Eurostat (2024). Regional statistics (reg_area3; demo_r_pjanaggr3; nama_10r_2gdp) [Data set]. Eurostat. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/database [CC BY 4.0]
• Eurostat (2026). International trade in goods (Statistics Explained). Eurostat. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=International_trade_in_goods [CC BY 4.0]
• Gleditsch, K. S., & Ward, M. D. (1999). Interstate System Membership: A Revised List of the Independent States since 1816. International Interactions, 25(4), 393-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629908434958
• Klein Goldewijk, K., et al. (2023). History Database of the Global Environment 3.3 (HYDE 3.3) [Data set]. Utrecht University / PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. Utrecht University. https://doi.org/10.24416/UU01-AEZZIT [CC BY 4.0]
• Maddison, A. (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective. OECD Development Centre. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264189980-en
• Maddison, A. (2010). Statistics on World Population, GDP and Per Capita GDP, 1-2008 AD [Data set]. Groningen Growth and Development Centre. University of Groningen. https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/data/
• Office for National Statistics (2024). Standard Area Measurements for the Countries (December 2024) in the UK [Data set]. data.gov.uk. ONS. https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/6b2825aa-f9b9-42c8-b2b4-a44a6f9e8e3f [Open Government Licence v3.0]
• Our World in Data (2024). Population (HYDE 3.3; Gapminder; UN World Population Prospects) [Data set]. Our World in Data. Global Change Data Lab. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population [CC BY 4.0]
• Reba, M., Reitsma, F., & Seto, K. C. (2016). Spatializing 6,000 years of global urbanization from 3700 BC to AD 2000. Scientific Data, 3, 160034. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.34 [CC BY 4.0]
• The Growth Lab at Harvard University (2024). The Atlas of Economic Complexity [Data set]. Harvard Growth Lab. Harvard University. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/T4CHWJ [CC0 1.0]
• World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators [Data set]. World Bank Data Catalog. World Bank. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037712 [CC BY 4.0]

Maps, flags and icons

• Kariyasu, N. (2017). Sekai no kokki kokushō rekishi daizukan [Illustrated encyclopedia of the history of the world's national flags and emblems]. Yamakawa Shuppansha.
• Kariyasu, N. (2020). Kishō no sekaishi daizukan [Illustrated world history of flags]. Yamakawa Shuppansha.
• Natural Earth (2022). Natural Earth 1:10m Cultural Vectors (Admin 0 Countries; Admin 1 States, Provinces) (Version 5.1.1) [Data set]. https://www.naturalearthdata.com/
• Runfola, D., et al. (2020). geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0231866. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866
• TopeconHeroes (2026). ICOOON MONO (icon material). https://icooon-mono.com/
• Twitter, Inc. and other contributors (jdecked/twemoji) (2024). Twemoji (Version 15.1.0). GitHub. https://github.com/jdecked/twemoji
• Wikimedia Commons contributors (2026). Wikimedia Commons (SVG/PNG files of flags and coats of arms). Wikimedia Foundation. https://commons.wikimedia.org/

Allies and rivals

• Diehl, P. F., Goertz, G., & Gallegos, Y. (2021). Peace data: Concept, measurement, patterns, and research agenda. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 38(5), 605-624. https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894219870288 [CC BY 4.0]
• Leeds, B. A., Ritter, J. M., Mitchell, S. M., & Long, A. G. (2022). Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) v5.1 (Version 5.1) [Data set]. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050620213653

War deaths

• Bodart, G. (1916). Losses of Life in Modern Wars: Austria-Hungary; France. Clarendon Press / Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://archive.org/details/cu31924014015469
• Brecke, P. (1999). Conflict Catalog (Violent Conflicts 1400 A.D. to the Present in Different Regions of the World) [Data set]. Georgia Institute of Technology. https://brecke.inta.gatech.edu/research/conflict/
• Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 (4th ed.). McFarland.
• Davies, S., Pettersson, T., Sollenberg, M., & Öberg, M. (2025). Organized violence 1989-2024, and the challenges of identifying civilian victims. Journal of Peace Research, 62(4). https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/ [CC BY 4.0]
• Dumas, S., & Vedel-Petersen, K. O. (1923). Losses of Life Caused by War. Clarendon Press / Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://archive.org/details/lossesoflifecaus00samu
• Jones, S. G., & McCabe, R. (2026). Russian Blood and Treasure: The Ballooning Costs of Putin's War. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). https://www.csis.org/analysis/russian-blood-and-treasure-ballooning-costs-putins-war
• OHCHR / UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (2026). Civilian Casualties Soar in Ukraine in the First Half of 2026. OHCHR. https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Civilian-Casualties-Soar-in-Ukraine-in-the-First-Half-of-2026-Amid-Escalating-Attacks-and-Intensifying-Use-of-Deadly-Weapons-UN-Human-Rights-Monitors-Say
• OHCHR / UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (2026). Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict — August 2026. OHCHR. https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-August-2026
• Sarkees, M. R., & Wayman, F. (2010). Resort to War: 1816-2007 (Version 4.0). CQ Press. https://correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/cow-war/
• Sundberg, R., & Melander, E. (2013). UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) Global version 25.1 (Version 25.1) [Data set]. Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Uppsala University. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343313484347 [CC BY 4.0]

Yearbooks, statistical reports and primary sources

• Bell, H. T. M., & Woodhead, H. G. W. (. ). (1913). The China Year Book 1913. Routledge. https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1913
• Central Intelligence Agency (2021). The World Factbook — Taiwan: Military and security service personnel strengths. Central Intelligence Agency. https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json
• Central Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Intelligence (1973). Intelligence Handbook: The Economy of South Vietnam (ER H 73-1). Central Intelligence Agency. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp85t00875r001500150001-5
• Dominion Bureau of Statistics (1958). The Canada Year Book 1957-58. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. https://archive.org/details/canada-statistics-canada-canada-year-book-1957-58
• Foreign Affairs Association of Japan (1942). The Japan Year Book 1942-43. Foreign Affairs Association of Japan. https://archive.org/details/1942-43-the-japan-year-book
• IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) (1941). Anuário Estatístico do Brasil, Ano V, 1939/1940. IBGE (Rio de Janeiro). https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/20/aeb_1939_1940.pdf
• Idescat (Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya) (2021). Statistical Yearbook of Catalonia: Foreign trade. By products (TARIC). Generalitat de Catalunya. https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id=aec&n=16428&lang=en
• IMSEE (Institut Monégasque de la Statistique et des Études Économiques) (2021). Observatoire du Commerce extérieur 2020. IMSEE. https://imsee.mc/
• India Office (1905). Statistical Abstract relating to British India from 1894-95 to 1903-04 (40th number). HMSO. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/statistics/1894_excel/1894.180.XLS
• India Office (1922). Statistical Abstract relating to British India from 1910-11 to 1919-20 (55th number). HMSO. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/statistics/1910_excel/1910.180.XLS
• ISTAT (1939). Annuario statistico italiano 1939 (Serie IV, Vol. VI). Istituto Centrale di Statistica. https://ebiblio.istat.it/
• ISTAT (1941). Annuario statistico italiano 1941 (Serie IV, Vol. VIII). Istituto Centrale di Statistica. https://ebiblio.istat.it/
• K.K. Statistische Central-Commission (1831). Tafeln zur Statistik der oesterreichischen Monarchie, IIIter Jahrgang 1831. K.K. Statistische Central-Commission (Wien). https://onb.digital/
• League of Nations (1928). Armaments Year-Book (4th ed.). League of Nations.
• League of Nations (1940). Armaments Year-Book (15th ed. 1939/40). League of Nations. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.13105
• Lugard, F. D. (1911). British Empire. In Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/British_Empire
• Manchoukuo Year Book Co. (1942). The Manchoukuo Year Book 1942. Manchoukuo Year Book Co. (Hsinking). https://archive.org/details/manchoukuo-yearbook-1942
• Reichstag zu Worms (1521). Reichsmatrikel (Imperial Register): Simplum of the Diet of Worms, 1521. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsmatrikel
• Risley, H. H., & Gait, E. A. (1903). Report on the Census of India, 1901. Government of India (Calcutta). https://archive.org/details/PARI.report-on-the-census-of-india-1901
• Savezni zavod za statistiku (1981). Statistički godišnjak Jugoslavije 1981. Savezni zavod za statistiku (Beograd).
• Staatliche Zentralverwaltung für Statistik (1981). Statistisches Jahrbuch der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik 1981. Staatsverlag der DDR. https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/
• Statistisches Reichsamt (1929). Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich 1929 (Jg. 48). Statistisches Reichsamt. https://archive.org/details/per_statistisches-jahrbuch-fur-das-deutsche-reich_1929
• Statistisches Reichsamt (1940). Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich 1939/40 (Jg. 58). Statistisches Reichsamt. https://archive.org/details/per_statistisches-jahrbuch-fur-das-deutsche-reich_1939
• Státní úřad statistický (1934). Statistická ročenka republiky Československé 1934. Státní úřad statistický (Praha). https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/mzk/uuid/uuid:fbc7e0e0-9eb0-11e3-a5bb-005056827e52
• The Statesman's Year-Book (n.d.). The Statesman's Year-Book. Macmillan. https://archive.org/search?query=statesman%27s+year-book
• TradeNetworks (Universidade do Minho) (2020). As Balanças do Comércio de Portugal 1776-1831 [Data set]. Universidade do Minho. https://tradenetworks.eeg.uminho.pt/balancas.xhtml
• U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (1972). World Military Expenditures 1971. U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/185676.pdf
• U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (1983). World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1971-1980. U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/185661.pdf
• U.S. Bureau of the Census (1975). Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. U.S. Bureau of the Census. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/1975/compendia/hist_stats_colonial-1970/hist_stats_colonial-1970p2-chY.pdf
• U.S. War Department (1942). TM 30-480 Handbook on Japanese Military Forces. U.S. War Department. https://archive.org/details/1942TM30-480
• U.S. War Department (1943). TM-E 30-420 Handbook on the Italian Military Forces. U.S. War Department. https://archive.org/details/TME30-420

Research books and articles

• Baily, J. (1850). Central America; describing each of the states of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Trelawney Saunders (London). https://archive.org/details/centralamericade00bail
• Bell, C. (1924). Tibet Past and Present. Clarendon Press. https://archive.org/details/tibet-past-and-present
• Benson, L. (1990). The Ili Rebellion: The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. M.E. Sharpe.
• Broadberry, S., Campbell, B. M. S., Klein, A., Overton, M., & van Leeuwen, B. (2015). British Economic Growth, 1270-1870. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107707603
• Browne, J. (1838). A History of the Highlands and of the Highland Clans.
• Bushnell, D. (1954). The Santander Regime in Gran Colombia. University of Delaware Press.
• Dacy, D. C. (1986). Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development: South Vietnam, 1955-1975. Cambridge University Press.
• Davidson, J., & Gray, A. (1909). The Scottish Staple at Veere. Longmans (London). https://archive.org/details/scottishstapleat00daviuoft
• Dunn, H. (1828). Guatimala, or, The United Provinces of Central America in 1827-8. G. & C. Carvill (New York). https://archive.org/details/guatimalaorunite00dunn
• Fedyshyn, O. S. (1971). Germany's Drive to the East and the Ukrainian Revolution, 1917-1918. Rutgers University Press.
• Findlay, R., & O'Rourke, K. H. (2007). Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium. Princeton University Press.
• Goldstein, M. C. (1989). A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State. University of California Press.
• Henderson, W. O. (1963). Studies in the Economic Policy of Frederick the Great. Frank Cass.
• Huang, R. (1974). Taxation and Governmental Finance in Sixteenth-Century Ming China. Cambridge University Press.
• Jowett, P. S. (2004). Rays of the Rising Sun: Armed Forces of Japan's Asian Allies 1931-45, Vol. 1. Helion.
• Łatyszonek, O. (1995). Białoruskie formacje wojskowe 1917-1923. Białystok.
• Lynn, J. A. (1994). Recalculating French Army Growth during the Grand Siècle, 1610-1715. French Historical Studies, 18(4), 881-906. https://doi.org/10.2307/286722
• Pack, J. (2019). Kingdom of Militias: Libya's Second War of Post-Qadhafi Succession. Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI). https://www.ispionline.it/
• Parker, G. (1996). The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• Pérez Brignoli, H. (1993). [Establishment of the federal army of the Federal Republic of Central America; the work cited by the English Wikipedia article "Federal Republic of Central America"].
• Rooseboom, M. P. (1910). The Scottish Staple in the Netherlands. Martinus Nijhoff (The Hague). https://archive.org/details/scottishstaplein00roos
• Rorke, M. (2006). English and Scottish overseas trade, 1300-1600. Economic History Review, 59(2), 265-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2006.00346.x
• Sked, A. (1979). The Survival of the Habsburg Empire: Radetzky, the Imperial Army and the Class War, 1848. Longman.
• Thompson, G. A. (1829). Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala from Mexico. John Murray (London). https://archive.org/details/narratiofof00thomguat
• Vakar, N. P. (1956). Belorussia: The Making of a Nation. A Case Study. Harvard University Press.
• von Glahn, R. (2016). The Economic History of China: From Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139343848
• Wang, K. (2018). The East Turkestan Independence Movement, 1930s to 1940s. Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.

Religion statistics (censuses and surveys)

• Australian Bureau of Statistics (2022). 2021 Census of Population and Housing: Religious affiliation [Data set]. Australian Bureau of Statistics. https://www.abs.gov.au/ [CC BY 4.0]
• Bossy, J. (1975). The English Catholic Community 1570-1850. Darton, Longman & Todd.
• Brown, D., & James, P. (2018). Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project: Demographics v2.0 (Version 2.0) [Data set]. ARDA. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7SR4M
• Central Statistics Office (Ireland) (2023). Census 2022: Religion [Data set]. CSO. https://www.cso.ie/ [CC BY 4.0]
• Department of Census and Statistics (Sri Lanka) (2012). Census of Population and Housing 2012: Religion [Data set]. DCS. http://www.statistics.gov.lk/
• Department of Statistics Malaysia (2011). Population Distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristics 2010: Religion [Data set]. DOSM. https://www.dosm.gov.my/
• European Social Survey (2024). European Social Survey Round 11 (2023) [Data set]. ESS ERIC. https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/ [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0]
• Field, C. D. (2012). Counting Religion in England and Wales: the Long Eighteenth Century. Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 63(4). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046911002533
• fowid (Forschungsgruppe Weltanschauungen in Deutschland) (2024). Religionszugehörigkeiten in Deutschland 2023. fowid. https://fowid.de/
• Gallup (1948). Gallup Poll 1948: Religious preference. Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/
• Generalitat de Catalunya. Direcció General d'Afers Religiosos (2020). Baròmetre sobre la religiositat i sobre la gestió de la seva diversitat 2020. Generalitat de Catalunya. https://afersreligiosos.gencat.cat/
• Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH) (2023). Population Census 2022: Religion [Data set]. KSH. https://www.ksh.hu/
• INSEE (2023). La diversité religieuse en France [Religious diversity in France] (Trajectoires et Origines 2 survey, 2019–2020). INSEE. https://www.insee.fr/ [Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0]
• Ipsos (2023). Ipsos Global Religion 2023. Ipsos. https://www.ipsos.com/
• Johnson, T. M., & Grim, B. J. (2025). World Religion Database (Version 2025) [Data set]. Brill. Brill. https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles
• K.K. Statistische Zentralkommission (1912). Volkszählung 1910 [Census of 1910] (by language and religion) [Data set]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary
• Kaiserliches Statistisches Amt (1915). Volkszählung 1910 [Census of 1910] (by religion) [Data set].
• Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) (2022). Religious self-identification of the population of Ukraine (2022 survey). KIIS. https://www.kiis.com.ua/
• Levada Center (2023). Религиозные верования [Religious beliefs] (survey of October 2023). Levada Center. https://www.levada.ru/
• Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population (Myanmar) (2016). The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census: Religion (Census Report Volume 2-C) [Data set]. Department of Population. https://www.dop.gov.mm/
• National Institute of Statistics (Romania) (2023). Population and Housing Census 2021: Religion [Data set]. INS. https://www.recensamantromania.ro/
• National Statistical Institute (Bulgaria) (2022). Population Census 2021: Religion [Data set]. NSI. https://www.nsi.bg/
• National Statistics Office of Mongolia (2021). Population and Housing Census 2020: Religion (ages 15 and over) [Data set]. NSO Mongolia. https://www.1212.mn/
• NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute (2019). ISSP international survey on religion 2018 (NHK). NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute. https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/
• Office for National Statistics (2022). Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021 [Data set]. ONS. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/bulletins/religionenglandandwales/census2021 [Open Government Licence v3.0]
• Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India (2015). Census of India 2011: Population by Religious Community [Data set]. Government of India. https://censusindia.gov.in/
• Statistical Institute of Jamaica (2012). Population and Housing Census 2011: Religion [Data set]. STATIN. https://statinja.gov.jm/
• Statistics Austria (2022). Religionszugehörigkeit 2021 [Religious affiliation 2021] (Mikrozensus supplementary survey) [Data set]. Statistics Austria. https://www.statistik.at/ [CC BY 4.0]
• Statistics Canada (2022). Census of Population 2021: Religion [Data set]. Statistics Canada. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/ [Statistics Canada Open Licence]
• Statistics Netherlands (CBS) (2024). The Netherlands in Numbers 2024: Religion. CBS. https://longreads.cbs.nl/the-netherlands-in-numbers-2024/ [CC BY 4.0]
• Statistics Poland (GUS) (2023). National Population and Housing Census 2021: Religion [Data set]. GUS. https://stat.gov.pl/
• Statistisches Reichsamt (1928). Volkszählung 1925 [Census of 1925] (by religion) [Data set].
• Statistisches Reichsamt (1941). Volkszählung vom 17. Mai 1939 [Census of 17 May 1939] (by religion; Greater Germany) [Data set].
• Státní úřad statistický (1934). Sčítání lidu 1930 [Census of 1930] (by religion) [Data set].
• Stats NZ (2019). 2018 Census: Religious affiliation [Data set]. Stats NZ. https://www.stats.govt.nz/ [CC BY 4.0]
• Webster, A. (1755). An Account of the Number of People in Scotland in the Year 1755. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/
• Центральный статистический комитет (1905). Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи 1897 г. [First general census of the Russian Empire, 1897] (by religion) [Data set].

Wikipedia and Wikidata

• Wikimedia Foundation (2026). Wikidata [Data set]. https://www.wikidata.org/ [CC0 1.0]
• Wikipedia contributors (2026). Wikipedia (English, Japanese and German editions). Wikimedia Foundation. https://www.wikipedia.org/ [CC BY-SA 4.0]

2. Flag images (Wikimedia Commons)

Flag images on the cards are SVG or PNG files from Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 4.0 §3(a)(2) and CC BY-SA 4.0 §3(a)(2) allow attribution to be given "in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context" and to be satisfied by a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information; the printed materials give the URL of this page.

Files that require attribution (CC BY-SA, CC BY): 32

• Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg. Oren neu dag (talk). CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_Flag_of_Burgundy.svg
• Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor without haloes (1400-1806).svg. David Liuzzo, eagle by N3MO (re-uploaded by Dragovit). CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_(1400-1806).svg
• Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century (firesteels vesion).svg. Cplakidas. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Byzantine_imperial_flag,_14th_century_(firesteels_vesion).svg
• Chorągiew_królewska_króla_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg. Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem). CC BY-SA 2.5. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg
• Flag of Aragon.svg. unknown. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Aragon.svg
• Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg. Joins2003. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bogd_Khaanate_Mongolia.svg
• Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg. Scroch. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria_(1971%E2%80%931990).svg
• Flag of Malaya.svg. No machine-readable author provided. Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright claims).. CC BY-SA 2.5. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malaya_(1950%E2%80%931963).svg
• Flag of Mongolia (1940–1945).svg. Ericmetro. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mongolia_(1940%E2%80%931945).svg
• Flag of Nigeria (1914–1952).svg. Benchill (original). CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nigeria_(1914%E2%80%931952).svg
• Flag of Peru (1822–1825).svg. Huhsunqu. CC BY-SA 2.5. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Peru_(1822%E2%80%931825).svg
• Flag of Republic of Venice (1659-1675).svg. Facquis iThe source code of this SVG is invalid due to 268 errors.  This W3C-invalid flag was created with Inkscape .. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_(1659-1675).svg
• Flag of Serbia (1882–1918).svg. Guilherme Paula. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Serbia_(1882%E2%80%931918).svg
• Flag of Singapore (1946–1952).svg. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire). CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Singapore_(1946%E2%80%931952).svg
• Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg. previous version User:Ignaciogavira ; current version HansenBCN, designs from SanchoPanzaXXI. CC BY-SA 3.0. (modified: colors or shapes adjusted to match the book illustrations) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(1785%E2%80%931873,_1875%E2%80%931931).svg
• Flag of the East Turkestan Republic (1944-1949).svg. Dekodrak. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_East_Turkestan_Republic_(1944-1949).svg
• Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg. Tibetan Pop Rocks. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Papal_States_(1825-1870).svg
• Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg. PavelD. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg
• Flag of Transvaal.svg. Himasaram. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Transvaal.svg
• Flag of Tunis Bey-fr.svg. Ewan ar Born. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tunis_Bey-fr.svg
• Flag_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Central_America.svg. Huhsunqu. CC BY-SA 2.5. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Central_America.svg
• Flag_of_the_King_of_Kandy_in_1815.svg. derivative work: [User:Trengarasu] King_of_Kandy.PNG: In English Wikipedia: User:Uvants2. In Commons: User:A-nobel-S Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg: PLEASE COMPLETE AUTHOR INFORMATION. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_King_of_Kandy_in_1815.svg
• Flag_of_the_United_Tribes_of_New_Zealand.svg. No machine-readable author provided. Greentubing assumed (based on copyright claims).. CC BY-SA 2.5. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Tribes_of_New_Zealand.svg
• Grand Duchy of Lithuania banner.svg. Woloh. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_banner.svg
• Merchant flag of French Morocco.svg. Flaspec. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Merchant_flag_of_French_Morocco.svg
• Naval ensign of Sweden.svg. User: David Newton. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naval_ensign_of_Sweden.svg
• Nguyen Dynasty.png. FC12P. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nguyen_Dynasty.png
• PortugueseFlag1143.svg. Nuno Tavares. CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PortugueseFlag1143.svg
• Royal Banner of Aragón.svg. Heralder iThe source code of this SVG is valid.  This vector image was created with Inkscape by v .. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Banner_of_Arag%C3%B3n.svg
• Royal Standard of the King of France.svg. Sodacan. CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg
• Standard of the Emir of Kuwait (1921-1940).svg. Tcfc2349 . CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Standard_of_the_Emir_of_Kuwait_(1921-1940).svg
• Third flag of the Gran Colombia centered coat of arms.svg. Salvadoroff. CC BY-SA 4.0. (modified: colors or shapes adjusted to match the book illustrations) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Third_flag_of_the_Gran_Colombia_centered_coat_of_arms.svg

Public domain and CC0: 256

Author names are as given on Wikimedia Commons.

• Bandera de Iturbide.png. AldoEZ. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bandera_de_Iturbide.png
• Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg. Oren neu dag. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bandera_de_la_Corona_de_Castilla.svg
• Betsy Ross flag.svg. DevinCook / Created by jacobolus using Adobe Illustrator, and released into the public domain.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Betsy_Ross_flag.svg
• Cultural flag of Île-de-France.svg. Patricia.fidi. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cultural_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg
• Ensign of Austro-Hungarian civil fleet (1869-1918).svg. Vectorization: Sgt_bilko / Original: Željko Heimer. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_(1869-1918).svg
• Ensign of the Palestine Mandate (1927–1948).svg. User:Greentubing, User:AnonMoos. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ensign_of_the_Palestine_Mandate_(1927%E2%80%931948).svg
• Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg. PaD and Indolences.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1880%E2%80%931901).svg
• Flag of Afghanistan (1909–1926).svg. F l a n k e r.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1909%E2%80%931926).svg
• Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg. Unknown authorUnknown author. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(2013%E2%80%932021).svg
• Flag of Angola.svg. Original: Henrique de Carvalho Santos Vector: SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Angola.svg
• Flag of Armenia.svg. Original: Stepan Malkhasyants Vector: SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Armenia.svg
• Flag of Austria.svg. Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svg
• Flag of Azerbaijan.svg. SKopp and others. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg
• Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg. BetacommandBot. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus_(1918,_1991%E2%80%931995).svg
• Flag of Bolivia.svg. See file history' below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bolivia.svg
• Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg. Mladen Kolobarić. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg
• Flag of Brazil (1870–1889).svg. Tonyjeff, based on work of Jean-Baptiste Debret. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brazil_(1870%E2%80%931889).svg
• Flag of Brazil (November 1889).svg. Sitenl. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brazil_(November_1889).svg
• Flag of Burgundy (square, derived).svg. Based on: Oren neu dag (talk). CC BY-SA 3.0 (derivative). (modified: colors or shapes adjusted to match the book illustrations) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_Flag_of_Burgundy.svg
• Flag of Burma (1948–1974).svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Burma_(1948%E2%80%931974).svg
• Flag of Burma (Alaungpaya Dynasty) 2.png. Gryffindor. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Burma_(Alaungpaya_Dynasty)_2.png
• Flag of Burundi.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Burundi.svg
• Flag of Canada (1957–1965).svg. Denelson83. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(1957%E2%80%931965).svg
• Flag of Canton of Schwyz.svg. Unknown authorUnknown author. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canton_of_Schwyz.svg
• Flag of Ceylon (1875–1948).svg. Samhanin (original). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ceylon_(1875%E2%80%931948).svg
• Flag of Ceylon (1948–1951).svg. Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931951).svg
• Flag of Chad.svg. SKopp & others (see upload log). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chad.svg
• Flag of China (1862–1889).svg. Sodacan. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1862%E2%80%931889).svg
• Flag of Colonial Annam.svg. noUSERname. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg
• Flag of Congo Free State.svg. See file history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Congo_Free_State.svg
• Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Costa_Rica_(state).svg
• Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg. Ningyou.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg
• Flag of Cyprus (1881–1922).svg. Christmas Island. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus_(1881%E2%80%931922).svg
• Flag of Denmark.svg. Madden and others. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg
• Flag of East Germany.svg. Flaggenentwurf: unbekannt diese Datei: Jwnabd. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_East_Germany.svg
• Flag of Egypt (1882–1922).svg. Converted to svg by Daniel78. Public domain. (modified: colors or shapes adjusted to match the book illustrations) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg
• Flag of Egypt (1922-1958).svg. Mysid. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt_(1922-1958).svg
• Flag of Ethiopia (1875–1881).svg. BlinxTheKitty. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1875%E2%80%931881).svg
• Flag of Ethiopia (1897–1974).svg. Oren neu dag. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1897%E2%80%931974).svg
• Flag of Europe.svg. User:Verdy p, User:-xfi-, User:Paddu, User:Nightstallion, User:Funakoshi, User:Jeltz, User:Dbenbenn, User:Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg
• Flag of France (1794–1815).svg. Original: Unknown Vector: SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg
• Flag of France (1814–1830).svg. -Strogoff-. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(1814%E2%80%931830).svg
• Flag of French Indochina.svg. noUSERname. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg
• Flag of Gabon.svg. Léon Augé and Pierre Claver Eyeghe. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gabon.svg
• Flag of Genoa.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Genoa.svg
• Flag of Germany (1867–1918).svg. Original: Adolf Soetbeer, Otto von Bismarck Vector: B1mbo, Madden. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg
• Flag of Germany (3-2).svg. User:Mmxx. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(3-2).svg
• Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg. Hoshie. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Great_Britain_(1707%E2%80%931800).svg
• Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg. (of code) User:Makaristos. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece_(1822-1978).svg
• Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg. (of code) User:Makaristos. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece_(1822-1978).svg
• Flag of Guatemala (1871–1968).svg. SVG-image-maker. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guatemala_(1871%E2%80%931968).svg
• Flag of Haiti.svg. (colours and size changes of the now deleted versions) Madden, Vzb83, Denelson83, Chanheigeorge, Zscout370 and Nightstallion Coat of arms :Lokal_Profil and Myriam Thyes. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Haiti.svg
• Flag of Honduras (1890s yellow star variant).svg. No machine-readable author provided. Fornax assumed (based on copyright claims).. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Honduras_(1890s_yellow_star_variant).svg
• Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997).svg. Original: College of Arms Vector: Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong_(1959%E2%80%931997).svg
• Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946; 3-2 aspect ratio).svg. Thommy. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hungary_(1915-1918,_1919-1946;_3-2_aspect_ratio).svg
• Flag of Iraq (1924–1959).svg. unknown. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1924%E2%80%931959).svg
• Flag of Iraq (1963–1991).svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1963%E2%80%931991).svg
• Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg. F l a n k e r. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946).svg
• Flag of Jamaica (1906–1957).svg. Thommy. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jamaica_(1906%E2%80%931957).svg
• Flag of Kingdom of Sardinia (1848).svg. F l a n k e r. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Civil_Flag_and_civil_Ensign_of_the_Savoyard_States_(1816-1848).svg
• Flag of Korea 1882.svg. Daniil Ivanov. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Korea_(1882%E2%80%931910).svg
• Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg. Shakiev N.T., Primov U.B.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg
• Flag of Lebanon.svg. Henri Pharaon. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg
• Flag of Liberia (1827-1847).svg. Helt. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Liberia_(1827%E2%80%931847).svg
• Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg. Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Libya_(1977%E2%80%932011).svg
• Flag of Luxembourg.svg. Drawn by User:SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg
• Flag of Mongolia (3-2).svg. Sangjinhwa. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mongolia_(3-2).svg
• Flag of Morocco (1666–1915).svg. Flad. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Morocco_(1666%E2%80%931915).svg
• Flag of Nejd (1926).svg. Orange Tuesday at English Wikipedia (Original text: Orange Tuesday (talk)). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nejd_(1926).svg
• Flag of New Granada.svg. Fibonacci. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Granada.svg
• Flag of Nicaragua.svg. C records. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg
• Flag of Niger.svg. Made by: Philippe Verdy User:verdy_p, see also fr:Utilisateur:verdy_p.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Niger.svg
• Flag of North Vietnam (1955–1976).svg. See File History below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Vietnam_(1955%E2%80%931976).svg
• Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg. User:Nightstallion. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg
• Flag of Paraguay (reverse).svg. Republica del Paraguay. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Paraguay_(reverse).svg
• Flag of Paraguay 1842.svg. Kaiser Torikka. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Paraguay_(1842%E2%80%931954).svg
• Flag of Paraguay.svg. Republica del Paraguay. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Paraguay.svg
• Flag of Portugal (1521).svg. Guilherme Paula. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal_(1521).svg
• Flag of Portugal (1578).svg. Tonyjeff, based on ancient national symbol.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal_(1578).svg
• Flag of Portugal (1750).svg. Sodacan  This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape .. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal_(1750).svg
• Flag of Prussia.svg. Argenciy. Public domain. (modified: colors or shapes adjusted to match the book illustrations) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Prussia.svg
• Flag of Qatar (1860–1916, 1916–1932).svg. Orange Tuesday. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Qatar_(1860%E2%80%931916,_1916%E2%80%931932).svg
• Flag of Qatar (1949–1971).svg. Bringing It All Back Home. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Qatar_(1949%E2%80%931971).svg
• Flag of Rhodesia.svg. Actarux (original). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rhodesia_(1968%E2%80%931979).svg
• Flag of Romania (1965–1989).svg. Various, see File History below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania_(1965%E2%80%931989).svg
• Flag of Russia (1668–1693).svg. Milop (talk). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia_(1668%E2%80%931693).svg
• Flag of Russia (1896–1918).svg. Sports9494. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia_(1896%E2%80%931918).svg
• Flag of Rwanda.svg. Original: Unknown Vector: Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg
• Flag of Senegal.svg. Original upload by Nightstallion. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Senegal.svg
• Flag of South Africa (1928–1994, bright colors).svg. Government of South Africa (Vector graphics image by Denelson83). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928%E2%80%931994,_bright_colors).svg
• Flag of South Sudan.svg. Achim1999. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg
• Flag of South Vietnam (Pantone).svg. (many, see history). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Vietnam_(Pantone).svg
• Flag of Sweden (1562–1650).svg. Original: Odengatan Vector: Kjoonlee. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden_(1562%E2%80%931650).svg
• Flag of Syria (1930–1958, 1961–1963).svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Syria_(1930%E2%80%931958,_1961%E2%80%931963).svg
• Flag of Syria (1980–2024).svg. See File history below for details. For further informations, see also: en:Syrian Arab Republic and the en:United Arab Republic.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931971),_Flag_of_Syria_(1980%E2%80%932024).svg
• Flag of Tajikistan.svg. Unknown authorUnknown author. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg
• Flag of Tanzania.svg. unknown. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg
• Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg. Xiengyod. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Thailand_(Ayutthaya_period).svg
• Flag of Thailand 1855.svg. Xiengyod & Sodacan iThe source code of this SVG is valid.  This vector image was created with Inkscape .. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Siam_(1855).svg
• Flag of the British Straits Settlements (1925–1946).svg. Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_(1874-1942).svg: Himasaram derivative work: Sderftgyvjkoljoyvgtfrd. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_(1925%E2%80%931946).svg
• Flag of the Central African Republic.svg. Barthélemy Boganda. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg
• Flag of the Comoros.svg. Original: Comoros; Vector: see file history. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg
• Flag of the Czech Republic.svg. Jaroslav Kursa. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg
• Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg. Juan Pablo Duarte. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg
• Flag of the Emirate of Transjordan.svg. SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Transjordan.svg
• Flag of the French Mandate of Syria (1920).svg. Thommy. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_French_Mandate_of_Syria_(1920).svg
• Flag of the German Confederation (war).svg. Sir Iain. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_German_Confederation_(war).svg
• Flag of the Gold Coast (1877–1957).svg. No machine-readable author provided. Yaddah assumed (based on copyright claims).. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_(1877%E2%80%931957).svg
• Flag of the Governor-General of India (1885–1947).svg. No machine-readable author provided. Greentubing~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1885%E2%80%931947).svg
• Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg. ThrashedParanoid and Peregrine981.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg
• Flag of the Helvetic Republic (French).svg. Made by Wikipedian Philippe317. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_(French).svg
• Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg. DarkEvil. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.svg
• Flag of the Mongolian People's Republic (1945–1992).svg. Drawn by User:latebird. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_(1945%E2%80%931992).svg
• Flag of the Netherlands.svg. Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg
• Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg. German Government. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_NSDAP_(1920%E2%80%931945).svg
• Flag of the Orange Free State.svg. David Benbennick wrote this file. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg
• Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg. User:Orwellianist. Public domain. (modified: colors or shapes adjusted to match the book illustrations) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg
• Flag of the Ottoman Empire (also used in Egypt).svg. Mysid. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(also_used_in_Egypt).svg
• Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931901).svg
• Flag of the Republic of China.svg. Sun Yat-sen. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg
• Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg
• Flag of the Swedish Empire.svg. Wheatley2. CC0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Swedish_Empire.svg
• Flag of the Taliban.svg. Original: Taliban Vector: Lexicon. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg
• Flag of the Territory of Papua.svg. Thommy. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Territory_of_Papua.svg
• Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg. Original: Acts of Union 1800 Vector: Yaddah. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg
• Flag of the United States (1776–1777).svg. Hoshie, Yaddah.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931777).svg
• Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg. No machine-readable author provided. Jacobolus assumed (based on copyright claims).. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1896%E2%80%931908).svg
• Flag of the United States (1896–1908).svg. No machine-readable author provided. Jacobolus assumed (based on copyright claims).. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1896%E2%80%931908).svg
• Flag of Tunisia with French canton.svg. Zscout370 at English Wikipedia. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tunisia_with_French_canton.svg
• Flag of Uganda.svg. tobias. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg
• Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg. Original: Unknown author Vector: Ιγκόρ. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine_(1917%E2%80%931921).svg
• Flag of Vatican City (2001–2023).svg. Unknown authorUnknown author. CC0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2001%E2%80%932023).svg
• Flag of Venezuela (state).svg. Various, see File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Venezuela_(state).svg
• Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1941).svg. Fibonacci. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1918%E2%80%931941).svg
• Flag of Yugoslavia (1946–1992).svg. Flag designed by Đorđe Andrejević-Kun[3]SVG coding: Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1946-1992).svg
• Flag of Zambia.svg. Gabriel Ellison. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg
• Flag_of_Algeria.svg. Original: National Liberation Front of Algeria Vector: SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg
• Flag_of_Argentina.svg. Manuel Belgrano. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg
• Flag_of_Australia.svg. Original: Ivor Evans, Leslie John Hawkins, Egbert John Nuttall, Annie Dorrington and William Stevens Vector: Ian Fieggen. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Australia.svg
• Flag_of_Austria.svg. Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svg
• Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg
• Flag_of_Belarus.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus.svg
• Flag_of_Belgium.svg. Dbenbenn and others. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg
• Flag_of_Brazil.svg. Raimundo Teixeira Mendes. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg
• Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg. SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg
• Flag_of_Cambodia.svg. Unknown authorUnknown author. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg
• Flag_of_Canada.svg. Created by George F. G. Stanley / E Pluribus Anthony / User:Mzajac. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada.svg
• Flag_of_Catalonia.svg. Motoroil. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Catalonia.svg
• Flag_of_Chile.svg. See file history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chile.svg
• Flag_of_China_(1889–1912).svg. Original: zh:清朝政府 Vector: Sodacan. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1889%E2%80%931912).svg
• Flag_of_China_(1912–1928).svg. Original: en:Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912) Vector: Kibinsky. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg
• Flag_of_Colombia.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Colombia.svg
• Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg
• Flag_of_Croatia.svg. Nightstallion, Elephantus, Neoneo13, Denelson83, Rainman, R-41, Minestrone, Lupo, Zscout370,MaGa (based on Decision of the Parliament). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg
• Flag_of_Cuba.svg. Miguel Teurbe Tolón and Narciso López. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cuba.svg
• Flag_of_Cyprus.svg. İsmet Güney, SVG by User:Vzb83~commonswiki. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg
• Flag_of_Denmark.svg. Madden and others. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg
• Flag_of_Egypt.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg
• Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg
• Flag_of_England.svg. Original: traditional Vector: Nicholas Shanks. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_England.svg
• Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg. Drawn by User:SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg
• Flag_of_Finland.svg. Unknown. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Finland.svg
• Flag_of_France.svg. Original: Unknown Vector: SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg
• Flag_of_Georgia.svg. Last update by MapGrid SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Georgia.svg
• Flag_of_Germany.svg. User:SKopp, User:Madden, and other users. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg
• Flag_of_Ghana.svg. Theodosia Okoh. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg
• Flag_of_Greece.svg. Unknown authorUnknown author. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svg
• Flag_of_Greenland.svg. Jeffrey Connell (IceKarma). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greenland.svg
• Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg. Designed by Tao Ho SVG code of 24 November 2005 version copied from Open Clip Art SVG code of 20 August 2011 version by Alkari SVG code of 6 September 2021 version by Mike Rohsopht. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg
• Flag_of_Hungary.svg. SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg
• Flag_of_Iceland.svg. Original: Matthías Þórðarson Vector: Árni Dagur and Magasjukur2. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iceland.svg
• Flag_of_India.svg. Government of India . Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg
• Flag_of_Indonesia.svg. Jayakatwang. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg
• Flag_of_Iran.svg. SVG file: SiBr4Designer: Hamid NadimiConstruction: ISIRI. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg
• Flag_of_Iraq.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq.svg
• Flag_of_Ireland.svg. Éire. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg
• Flag_of_Israel.svg. Israel Belkind and Fanny Abramovitch (original) “The Provisional Council of State Proclamation of the Flag of the State of Israel” of 25 Tishrei 5709 (28 October 1948) provides the official specification for the design of the Israeli flag. The color of the Magen David and the stripes of the Israeli flag is not precisely specified by the above legislation. The color depicted in the current version of the image is typical of flags used in Israel today, although individual flags can and do vary. The flag legislation officially specifies dimensions of 220 cm × 160 cm. However, the sizes of actual flags vary (although the aspect ratio is usually retained).. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Israel.svg
• Flag_of_Italy.svg. See below.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg
• Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.  The SVG code is valid. This vector image was created with Inkscape by SKopp, and then manually edited by Zscout370, Madden and others.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jamaica.svg
• Flag_of_Japan.svg. Various. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg
• Flag_of_Japan_(1870–1999).svg. kahusi - (Talk). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg
• Flag_of_Jordan.svg. Unknown. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jordan.svg
• Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg. Shaken Niyazbekop. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg
• Flag_of_Kenya.svg. User:Pumbaa80. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg
• Flag_of_Kuwait.svg. unknown. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kuwait.svg
• Flag_of_Liberia.svg. Government of Liberia. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Liberia.svg
• Flag_of_Libya.svg. Various  The SVG code is valid. This vector image was created with a text editor.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Libya.svg
• Flag_of_Malaysia.svg. MapGrid (old version SKopp, Zscout370 and Ranking Update). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg
• Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg. Urmas. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg
• Flag_of_Mexico.svg. Omar Alejandro Covarrubias Neri, 9 April 2006. Based on the 1968 arms by Francisco Eppens Helguera and Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg
• Flag_of_Monaco.svg. Drawn by User:SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Monaco.svg
• Flag_of_Morocco.svg. Denelson83, Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg
• Flag_of_Mozambique.svg. FRELIMO. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg
• Flag_of_Myanmar.svg. Unknown authorUnknown author. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg
• Flag_of_Nepal.svg. Drawn by Pumbaa80, Achim1999. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg
• Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg. Original: Albert Hastings Markham Vector: Zscout370, Hugh Jass, s. File history. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg
• Flag_of_Nigeria.svg. Jon Harald Søby.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg
• Flag_of_North_Korea.svg. Original: Unknown author Vector: Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg
• Flag_of_Norway.svg. Original: Fredrik Meltzer Vector: Gutten på Hemsen. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Norway.svg
• Flag_of_Pakistan.svg. User:Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg
• Flag_of_Palau.svg. Original: John Blau Skebong Vector: Nightstallion. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palau.svg
• Flag_of_Palestine.svg. Orionist, previous versions by Makaristos, Mysid, etc.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palestine.svg
• Flag_of_Panama.svg. Zscout370 et al.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Panama.svg
• Flag_of_Poland.svg. See below.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg
• Flag_of_Portugal.svg. Original: Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (1910; generic design) Vector: Vítor Luís Rodrigues; António Martins-Tuválkin (2004; this specific vector set: see sources). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg
• Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg. Original: Unknown Vector: Cerejota. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg
• Flag_of_Qatar.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. (modified: colors or shapes adjusted to match the book illustrations) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Qatar.svg
• Flag_of_Romania.svg. AdiJapan. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg
• Flag_of_Russia.svg. Peter the Great. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg
• Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg. The Shura Council. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg
• Flag_of_Scotland.svg. none known. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Scotland.svg
• Flag_of_Serbia.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Serbia.svg
• Flag_of_Singapore.svg. Original: Government of Singapore Vector: Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg
• Flag_of_Slovakia.svg. Original: Ladislav Čisárik and Ladislav Vrtel Vector: SKopp. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg
• Flag_of_South_Africa.svg. Flag design by Frederick Brownell, image by Wikimedia Commons users. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg
• Flag_of_South_Korea.svg. Original: Government of the Republic of Korea Vector: Great Brightstar and others. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg
• Flag_of_Spain.svg. RelShot 263, Echando una mano; earlier version was Pedro A. Gracia Fajardo, escudo de Manual de Imagen Institucional de la Administración General del Estado. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg
• Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg. Original: Sri Lanka Vectorization: Zscout370, Mike Rohsopht. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg
• Flag_of_Sudan.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg
• Flag_of_Sweden.svg. Jon Harald Søby and others.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg
• Flag_of_Switzerland.svg. Original: Unknown Vector: User:Marc Mongenet Credits: User:-xfi- User:Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg
• Flag_of_Thailand.svg. Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg
• Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg. Jaroslav Kursa. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg
• Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg. Nightstallion. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg
• Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg. Zscout370. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg
• Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg. Zeng Liansong. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg
• Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg
• Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg. Sun Yat-sen. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg
• Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg. СССР. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg
• Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg. Abdulla Mohammed Al Maainah. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg
• Flag_of_the_United_States.svg. Uploaded by Dbenbenn; edited by users such as Zscout370, Jacobolus, Indolences, and Technion.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg
• Flag_of_the_United_States_(1912-1959).svg. Created by jacobolus using Adobe Illustrator.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1912-1959).svg
• Flag_of_Tibet.svg. Unknown authorUnknown author. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tibet.svg
• Flag_of_Tunisia.svg. Various Wikimedia Commons' contributors. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg
• Flag_of_Turkey.svg. David Benbennick (original author). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg
• Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg. unknown. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg
• Flag_of_Ukraine.svg. Government of Ukraine. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg
• Flag_of_Uruguay.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uruguay.svg
• Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg. Farhod Yoʻldoshev. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg
• Flag_of_Vietnam.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg
• Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg. See File history below for details.. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg
• General Maritime Truce Flag.svg. Orange Tuesday (talk). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:General_Maritime_Truce_Flag.svg
• Lozenge flag of Monaco.svg. Denelson83 and Zscout370 at en.wikipedia. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lozenge_flag_of_Monaco.svg
• Naval flag of Majapahit Kingdom.svg. source: BP47Dhorifah, svg: Puck04. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naval_flag_of_Majapahit_Kingdom.svg
• Naval flag of Persia, according to Encyclopedia Britannica 1771.svg. Mysid. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naval_flag_of_Persia,_according_to_Encyclopedia_Britannica_1771.svg
• Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg. -xfi-. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg
• Polish White Eagle (1927-1939).svg. Piotr Bart. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polish_White_Eagle_(1927-1939).svg
• PortugueseFlag1095.svg. Nuno Tavares. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PortugueseFlag1095.svg
• Prinsenvlag.svg. Miyamaki, Oren neu dag, Artem Karimov, Golradir. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prinsenvlag.svg
• Royal Standard of Norway.svg. Ssolbergj. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_Norway.svg
• Saint Patrick's Saltire.svg. Hoshie and others. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg
• State flag of Iran (1933–1964).svg. Orange Tuesday (talk). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:State_flag_of_Iran_(1933%E2%80%931964).svg
• State flag of Persia (1907–1933).svg. SeNeKa. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:State_flag_of_Persia_(1907%E2%80%931933).svg
• Unidentified West African flag.svg. Orange Tuesday (talk). Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unidentified_West_African_flag.svg
• War flag of Peru.svg. Republic of Peru - Republica del Perú. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg
• War flag of the Italian Social Republic.svg. F l a n k e r. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:War_flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.svg

Drawn by Mikeron Games: 5

Drawn from measurements of the illustrations in Kariyasu's books. Where a Commons file was used as a base, it is listed above with "modified".

• Banner of the Kingdom of Poland (three-tailed, book).svg. Mikeron Games.
• Flag of Nepal (early pennant, book).svg. Mikeron Games.
• Flag of the Papal States (1580, book).svg. Mikeron Games.
• Mughal_Empire_flag_1526-1858.svg. Mikeron Games.
• Ottoman flag 1517-1793 three crescents (book).svg. Mikeron Games.

3. Values taken from Wikipedia, by card

Cards are listed by card year, then by name. Only facts (numbers and years) were taken; no article text is reproduced. Wikipedia text is available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Holy Roman Empire (1520)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. イタリア戦争 [Italian Wars] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. カール5世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) [Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB5%E4%B8%96%20%28%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%29
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Holy Roman Empire. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. イタリア戦争 [Italian Wars] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 第一次ウィーン包囲 [Siege of Vienna (1529)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%85%E5%9B%B2
• Troops: Wikipedia contributors. Reichsmatrikel [Imperial Register] (de Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsmatrikel

Spain (1580)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 神聖同盟 (1571年) [Holy League (1571)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%20%281571%E5%B9%B4%29
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 神聖同盟 (1571年) [Holy League (1571)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%20%281571%E5%B9%B4%29
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 神聖同盟 (1571年) [Holy League (1571)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%20%281571%E5%B9%B4%29
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Habsburg Spain. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Spain
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. War of the Portuguese Succession. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20the%20Portuguese%20Succession
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. レパントの海戦 [Battle of Lepanto] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%A6
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 英西戦争 (1585年-1604年) [Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89%20%281585%E5%B9%B4-1604%E5%B9%B4%29
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 八十年戦争 [Eighty Years' War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89

England (1600)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. Treaty of Nonsuch. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Nonsuch
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 英西戦争 (1585年-1604年) [Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89%20%281585%E5%B9%B4-1604%E5%B9%B4%29

Ming (1600)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 文禄・慶長の役 [Imjin War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%A6%84%E3%83%BB%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%B9
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Ming dynasty. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 文禄・慶長の役 [Imjin War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%A6%84%E3%83%BB%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%B9

Republic of Venice (1600)

• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Uskok War. Retrieved 2026-10-13, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskok%20War
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Venetian Interdict. Retrieved 2026-10-13, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian%20Interdict

Safavid Persia (1600)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in Iran. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Iran
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Ottoman–Safavid war (1603–1612). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid%20war%20%281603%E2%80%931612%29
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Siege of Isfahan. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Isfahan

Scotland (1600)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Scottish Reformation. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Reformation
• Troops: Wikipedia contributors. Battle of Glenlivet. Retrieved 2026-10-08, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Glenlivet

Poland-Lithuania (1620)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. Battle of Humenné. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Humenn%C3%A9
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman%20War%20%281620%E2%80%931621%29
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Polish–Russian War (1609–1618). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian%20War%20%281609%E2%80%931618%29
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish%20War%20%281621%E2%80%931625%29

Netherlands (1650)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 八十年戦争 [Eighty Years' War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Flag lineage: Wikipedia contributors. ブルゴーニュ公国 [Duchy of Burgundy] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-04, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Dutch Republic. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Dutch–Portuguese War. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese%20War
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 第一次英蘭戦争 [First Anglo-Dutch War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%98%AD%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 八十年戦争 [Eighty Years' War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89

Ottoman Empire (1683)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Ottoman Empire. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 大トルコ戦争 [Great Turkish War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 大トルコ戦争 [Great Turkish War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 大トルコ戦争 [Great Turkish War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 大トルコ戦争 [Great Turkish War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Cretan revolt (1866–1869). Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_revolt_%281866%E2%80%931869%29
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878). Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars_%281876%E2%80%931878%29
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties

Grand Duchy of Moscow (1700)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 大北方戦争 [Great Northern War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 大北方戦争 [Great Northern War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Tsardom of Russia. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 大北方戦争 [Great Northern War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 露土戦争 (1686年-1700年) [Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E5%9C%9F%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89%20%281686%E5%B9%B4-1700%E5%B9%B4%29

Kingdom of France (1700)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. スペイン継承戦争 [War of the Spanish Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Huguenots. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenots
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. スペイン継承戦争 [War of the Spanish Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. スペイン継承戦争 [War of the Spanish Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. スペイン継承戦争 [War of the Spanish Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. スペイン継承戦争 [War of the Spanish Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. スペイン継承戦争 [War of the Spanish Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89

Mughal Empire (1700)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Mughal Empire. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Deccan wars. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan%20wars

Britain (1750)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. オーストリア継承戦争 [War of the Austrian Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. オーストリア継承戦争 [War of the Austrian Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. オーストリア継承戦争 [War of the Austrian Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. オーストリア継承戦争 [War of the Austrian Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. ジェンキンスの耳の戦争 [War of Jenkins' Ear] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E8%80%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89

United States (1776)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. アメリカ独立戦争 [American Revolutionary War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. アメリカ独立戦争 [American Revolutionary War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. アメリカ独立戦争 [American Revolutionary War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. History of religion in the United States. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_religion_in_the_United_States
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. アメリカ独立戦争 [American Revolutionary War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89

Kingdom of Prussia (1786)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Kingdom of Prussia. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. バイエルン継承戦争 [War of the Bavarian Succession] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E7%B6%99%E6%89%BF%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Kraków Uprising. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties

Qing (1790)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Qing dynasty. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_dynasty
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Sino-Nepalese War. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Nepalese%20War
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Dungan Revolt (1895–1896). Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_%281895%E2%80%931896%29
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Nian Rebellion. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nian_Rebellion

Portugal (1800)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 第二次対仏大同盟 [War of the Second Coalition] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%BE%E4%BB%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in Portugal. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. War of the Oranges. Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20the%20Oranges
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. War of the Oranges. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20the%20Oranges

French Empire (1812)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 1812年ロシア戦役 [French invasion of Russia] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E5%BD%B9
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 1812年ロシア戦役 [French invasion of Russia] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E5%BD%B9
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. ナポレオン戦争 [Napoleonic Wars] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. First French Empire. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_French_Empire
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 1812年ロシア戦役 [French invasion of Russia] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E5%BD%B9
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 第六次対仏大同盟 [War of the Sixth Coalition] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%BE%E4%BB%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 半島戦争 [Peninsular War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 半島戦争 [Peninsular War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 半島戦争 [Peninsular War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89

Austrian Empire (1820)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. ドイツ連邦 [German Confederation] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-13, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6
• Flag lineage: Wikipedia contributors. オーストリア公国 [Duchy of Austria] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-04, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Austrian Empire. Retrieved 2026-09-25, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Empire

Gran Colombia (1823)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. アヤクーチョの戦い [Battle of Ayacucho] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Gran Colombia. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Colombia
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. アヤクーチョの戦い [Battle of Ayacucho] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84

Central American Federation (1830)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Federal Republic of Central America. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America
• Troops: Wikipedia contributors. Federal Republic of Central America. Retrieved 2026-10-08, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America

Empire of Brazil (1880)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. 1872 Brazilian census. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Brazilian_census
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. パラグアイ戦争 [Paraguayan War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Cabanagem. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabanagem
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Ragamuffin War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragamuffin_War

British India (1900)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 義和団の乱 [Boxer Rebellion] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%A3%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 八カ国連合軍 [Eight-Nation Alliance] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 八カ国連合軍 [Eight-Nation Alliance] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 八カ国連合軍 [Eight-Nation Alliance] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 八カ国連合軍 [Eight-Nation Alliance] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 八カ国連合軍 [Eight-Nation Alliance] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 八カ国連合軍 [Eight-Nation Alliance] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 八カ国連合軍 [Eight-Nation Alliance] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 義和団の乱 [Boxer Rebellion] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%A3%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Korean Empire (1900)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Korean Empire. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Empire

Austria-Hungary (1910)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties

Republic of China (1912)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in China. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_China
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Central Plains War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Plains_War
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

German Empire (1913)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties

Russian Empire (1913)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Caucasian War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_War
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Kraków Uprising. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties

Belarusian People's Rep. (1918)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in Belarus. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. ベラルーシ人民共和国 [Belarusian People's Republic] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD
• Troops: Wikipedia contributors. 1st Belarusian Regiment. Retrieved 2026-10-08, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Belarusian_Regiment
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Belarusian People's Republic. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_People%27s_Republic

Ukrainian People's Rep. (1918)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. ウクライナ人民共和国 [Ukrainian People's Republic] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. ウクライナ人民共和国 [Ukrainian People's Republic] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in Ukraine. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. ソビエト・ウクライナ戦争 [Ukrainian–Soviet War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89

Tibet (1930)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in Tibet. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Tibet
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Sino-Tibetan War of 1930–1932. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan%20War%20of%201930%E2%80%931932

Nazi Germany (1938)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Kingdom of Italy (1940)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Manchukuo (1940)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 日満議定書 [Japan–Manchukuo Protocol] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%BA%80%E8%AD%B0%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. ノモンハン事件 [Battles of Khalkhin Gol] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. ノモンハン事件 [Battles of Khalkhin Gol] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. 日中戦争 [Second Sino-Japanese War] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89

Empire of Japan (1942)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Italian Social Republic (1944)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. イタリア社会共和国 [Italian Social Republic] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. イタリア社会共和国 [Italian Social Republic] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Italian Social Republic. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. イタリア戦線 (第二次世界大戦) [Italian campaign (World War II)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E7%B7%9A%20%28%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6%29
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. イタリア戦線 (第二次世界大戦) [Italian campaign (World War II)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E7%B7%9A%20%28%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6%29
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. イタリア戦線 (第二次世界大戦) [Italian campaign (World War II)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E7%B7%9A%20%28%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6%29
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Italian Civil War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Civil_War
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Italian Civil War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Civil_War

United States (1944)

• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. イタリア戦線 (第二次世界大戦) [Italian campaign (World War II)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-13, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E7%B7%9A%20%28%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6%29

East Turkestan Republic (1945)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. Ili Rebellion. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ili%20Rebellion
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Second East Turkestan Republic. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_East_Turkestan_Republic
• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. Ili Rebellion. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ili%20Rebellion
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Ili Rebellion. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ili_Rebellion

Union of South Africa (1950)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in South Africa. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Soviet Union (1962)

• Flag lineage: Wikipedia contributors. ウズベキスタン [Uzbekistan] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-04, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in the Soviet Union. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

South Vietnam (1970)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Buddhist crisis. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_crisis
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. South Vietnam. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Vietnam War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War

Pahlavi Iran (1975)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Pahlavi Iran. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran
• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in Iran. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Iran

East Germany (1980)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. East Germany. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany

West Germany (1980)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. West Germany. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany

Yugoslavia (1980)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Afghanistan (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Constitution of Afghanistan. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Afghanistan

Australia (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Austria (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Allied-occupied Austria. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria

Bangladesh (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Bangladesh Liberation War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War

Belgium (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Brazil (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Britain (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Bulgaria (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. 1946 Bulgarian republic referendum. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Bulgarian_republic_referendum

Cambodia (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Constituent Assembly of Cambodia. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Cambodia

Canada (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Cuba (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Cuban Revolution. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Revolution

Denmark (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

DR Congo (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Congo Crisis. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Crisis

Egypt (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Republic of Egypt (1953–1958. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Egypt_(1953%E2%80%931958

European Union (EU) (2021)

• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. ロシアのウクライナ侵攻 [Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E4%BE%B5%E6%94%BB

Finland (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

France (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. French Fourth Republic. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic

Germany (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany

Greece (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. 1974 Greek republic referendum. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Greek_republic_referendum

Greenland (2021)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. Pituffik Space Base. Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituffik%20Space%20Base
• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. グリーンランド [Greenland] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89

Haiti (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. United States occupation of Haiti. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti

Hong Kong (2021)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. 香港 [Hong Kong] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF

Hungary (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Second Hungarian Republic. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Hungarian_Republic

Iceland (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

India (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Operation Blue Star. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star

Iraq (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Constitution of Iraq. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq

Ireland (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Kuwait (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait

Luxembourg (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_II

Mexico (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. 1824 Constitution of Mexico. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824_Constitution_of_Mexico
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Monaco (2021)

• Flag lineage: Wikipedia contributors. History of Monaco. Retrieved 2026-10-08, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Monaco
• Flag lineage: Wikipedia contributors. Treaty of Stupinigi. Retrieved 2026-10-08, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Stupinigi
• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. History of Monaco. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Monaco

Mongolia (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Mongolian People's Republic. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_People's_Republic
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Myanmar (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Myanmar conflict. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_conflict

Nepal (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Kingdom of Nepal. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal

Netherlands (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

New Zealand (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Norway (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Pakistan (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Bangladesh Liberation War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War

Palestine (2021)

• Rivals: Wikipedia contributors. パレスチナ問題 [Israeli–Palestinian conflict] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%8A%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. First Intifada. Retrieved 2026-10-16, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. First Intifada. Retrieved 2026-10-16, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada

Paraguay (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Paraguayan War. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan_War

Peru (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Peruvian Civil War of 1856–1858. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1856%E2%80%931858

Poland (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Provisional Government of National Unity. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Unity

Portugal (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. 5 October 1910 revolution. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties

Puerto Rico (2021)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. プエルトリコ [Puerto Rico] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B3
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Military history of Puerto Rico. Retrieved 2026-10-16, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Puerto_Rico
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War. Retrieved 2026-10-16, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_the_Vietnam_War

Romania (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Socialist Republic of Romania. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania

South Korea (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Korean War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War

Spain (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Francoist Spain. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoist_Spain

Sri Lanka (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. 1987–1989 JVP insurrection. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection

Sudan (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. First Sudanese Civil War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Second Sudanese Civil War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War

Sweden (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Switzerland (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Act of Mediation. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Mediation
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Swiss mercenaries. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Syria (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. United Arab Republic. Retrieved 2026-10-19, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Republic

Thailand (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Laotian Civil War. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Tunisia (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Kingdom of Tunisia. Retrieved 2026-10-06, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia

Ukraine (2021)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in Ukraine. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine

United Arab Emirates (2021)

• Main religions: Wikipedia contributors. Religion in the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates

United States (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War I casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties
• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. World War II casualties. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

Uzbekistan (2021)

• Flag lineage: Wikipedia contributors. ウズベキスタン [Uzbekistan] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-04, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3
• Flag lineage: Wikipedia contributors. ウズベキスタン [Uzbekistan] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-04, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3
• Flag lineage: Wikipedia contributors. トルキスタン総督府 [Russian Turkestan] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-04, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E7%B7%8F%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C

Vatican City (2021)

• Allies: Wikipedia contributors. ラテラノ条約 [Lateran Treaty] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8E%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84

Venezuela (2021)

• Regime span: Wikipedia contributors. Gran Colombia. Retrieved 2026-10-19, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Colombia

Zimbabwe (2021)

• War deaths: Wikipedia contributors. Gukurahundi. Retrieved 2026-10-15, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gukurahundi

Alliance labels (names of multilateral treaties and organizations)

• Alliance label "Allies (WWII)": Wikipedia contributors. 連合国共同宣言 [Declaration by United Nations] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80
• Alliance label "AMU": Wikipedia contributors. アラブ・マグレブ連合 [Arab Maghreb Union] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%96%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88
• Alliance label "Anti-Comintern Pact": Wikipedia contributors. 防共協定 [Anti-Comintern Pact] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E5%85%B1%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A
• Alliance label "ANZUS": Wikipedia contributors. ANZUS [ANZUS] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS
• Alliance label "Arab League": Wikipedia contributors. アラブ連盟 [Arab League] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F
• Alliance label "AU": Wikipedia contributors. アフリカ連合 [African Union] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-03, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88
• Alliance label "Baghdad Pact": Wikipedia contributors. 中央条約機構 [Central Treaty Organization] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B
• Alliance label "Balkan Pact": Wikipedia contributors. Balkan Pact. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan%20Pact
• Alliance label "CIS": Wikipedia contributors. 独立国家共同体 [Commonwealth of Independent States] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93
• Alliance label "CSTO": Wikipedia contributors. 集団安全保障条約 [Collective Security Treaty Organization] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A3%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84
• Alliance label "ECCAS": Wikipedia contributors. Economic Community of Central African States. Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20Community%20of%20Central%20African%20States
• Alliance label "ECOWAS": Wikipedia contributors. 西アフリカ諸国経済共同体 [ECOWAS] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E8%AB%B8%E5%9B%BD%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93
• Alliance label "Entente": Wikipedia contributors. Treaty of Bucharest (1916). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Bucharest%20%281916%29
• Alliance label "Entente": Wikipedia contributors. Treaty of London. Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20London
• Alliance label "EU": Wikipedia contributors. マーストリヒト条約 [Maastricht Treaty] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84
• Alliance label "GCC": Wikipedia contributors. Gulf Cooperation Council. Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20Cooperation%20Council
• Alliance label "German Confed.": Wikipedia contributors. ドイツ連邦 [German Confederation] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6
• Alliance label "Little Entente": Wikipedia contributors. Little Entente. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Entente
• Alliance label "Locarno": Wikipedia contributors. ロカルノ条約 [Locarno Treaties] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84
• Alliance label "Mediterranean Agr.": Wikipedia contributors. Mediterranean Agreements (1887). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean%20Agreements%20%281887%29
• Alliance label "NATO": Wikipedia contributors. 北大西洋条約 [North Atlantic Treaty] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84
• Alliance label "OAS": Wikipedia contributors. 米州機構 [Organization of American States] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B7%9E%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B
• Alliance label "Quadruple Alliance": Wikipedia contributors. 四国同盟 (1815年) [Quadruple Alliance (1815)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%20%281815%E5%B9%B4%29
• Alliance label "Rio Treaty": Wikipedia contributors. 米州相互援助条約 [Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B7%9E%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84
• Alliance label "Saadabad Pact": Wikipedia contributors. Treaty of Saadabad. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Saadabad
• Alliance label "SADC": Wikipedia contributors. Southern African Development Community. Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20African%20Development%20Community
• Alliance label "SCO": Wikipedia contributors. 上海協力機構 [Shanghai Cooperation Organisation] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B
• Alliance label "Shanghai Five": Wikipedia contributors. 上海協力機構 [Shanghai Cooperation Organisation] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B
• Alliance label "Treaty of London": Wikipedia contributors. ロンドン条約 (1840年) [Convention of London (1840)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84%20%281840%E5%B9%B4%29
• Alliance label "Treaty of London": Wikipedia contributors. ロンドン条約 (1915年) [Treaty of London (1915)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84%20%281915%E5%B9%B4%29
• Alliance label "Triple Alliance": Wikipedia contributors. 三国同盟 (1882年) [Triple Alliance (1882)] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%20%281882%E5%B9%B4%29
• Alliance label "Triple Alliance": Wikipedia contributors. 日独伊三国同盟 [Tripartite Pact] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%8B%AC%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F
• Alliance label "Warsaw Pact": Wikipedia contributors. ワルシャワ条約機構 [Warsaw Pact] (ja Wikipedia). Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AF%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B
• Alliance label "WEU": Wikipedia contributors. Treaty of Brussels. Retrieved 2026-10-01, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Brussels

4. License notes

• Correlates of War (National Material Capabilities v7.0; War Data v4.0). Used with the permission of the COW Project. The data are not redistributed.
• TOFLIT18 (ODbL 1.0). Some export and import items in this game contain information from the TOFLIT18 database, which is made available under the Open Database License.
• CIA World Factbook. Public domain. The CIA name and seal are not used in any way that suggests endorsement; they are cited as a source only.
• Wikimedia Commons flags under CC BY-SA. Author, license and a link to the original file are listed above. Derivative (modified) files are released under the same license.
• Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0). Facts only (numbers and years). Article names and access dates are listed above.
• Twemoji (CC BY 4.0). Icons for exports and imports. © Twitter, Inc. and other contributors (jdecked/twemoji).